What moral flows from this? asks the poet. We read a lot. 2003 eNotes.com Poezje also has ten previously unpublished poems included in a section entitled Z nowych wierszy; four are translated in the group offered here, and are indicated accordingly. Reduced to signs of human difference and superiority, the monkeys nevertheless expose these as figments of language, figures of speech. Word Count: 5563. And again the ending packs a surprise. What most distinguishes her poems is the quality and complexity of her thought, the pressure she puts on what already seem like revelations, the way she moves not only in unexpected but unimagined directions, or, as she herself puts it, in the poem Into the ark, that eagerness to see things from all six sides.. 2003 eNotes.com David Galens. Good Morning TomI don't know why but I toobelieved in the refusal to take part. They say I have written about 200 poems. In this context, the evolution of Miosz's published opinions represents an interesting pattern. I believe in the man who will make the discovery. The stanzas depicting the post-battle cleanups are especially haunting: Someones got to shove the rubble to the roadsides so the carts loaded with corpses Sometimes I think of a couple poems at once. She does not define what she means by sufficient, but it seems clear enough that the question posed here is whether living a full life is enough to give life meaning. Its strengths are mentioned. I believe in the man who will make the discovery. Beginning in 1954-55 [following the death of Joseph Stalin], I already started thinking differentlythe same way I think now. And yet a certain fact is not without significance: Szymborska, like Tadeusz Roewicz and Zbigniew Herbert, writes in the place of the generation of poets who made their debut during the war and did not survive. Once she had even acted in a film, staring into the klieg lights till the tears came. One sign that Szymborska deserves her Polish reputation is that her grace emerges under evident pressure. However conscious of the frame, Szymborska is compelled by the power of language. Not only does uniqueness have the ability to intellectually touch imagination, but it also has the capability to touch it emotionally. They are the trickster-poet, the monkey-poet turning, troping, the divisions of language and ideology into images of wholeness and connection: the last few lines, for example, unhook the great chain of being from hierarchy and fasten it to evolution, putting Darwin in a nutshell.17. "Discovery," by Wislawa Szymborska (1977) Author: Wislawa Szymborska "Discovery." Her first major collection to appear in English, Sounds, Feelings, Thoughts: Seventy Poems, translated by Magnus J. Kryski and Robert A. Maguire, was published in 1981. They take no notice of one another, and though chained together could not seem more separate. But the point is, there is no such obvious world. / Yeti, not all words / are death sentences. Another well-known piece originally from Woanie do yeti, Bruegel's Two Monkeys begins with an image from a famous painting in order to question the relationship between language and reality. Of course, the effect is doubleedged. I believe in the scattering of numbers, You spoke of the varied content of my poemsindeed, they are perhaps too varied. In Possibilities, Szymborska takes on the difficult task of It is not the five acts of the tragedy that interest Szymborska, but the moments after, when art and reality come together in a mixture entirely new: This is classic Szymborska, in the way she unearths a subject from a non-subject and insists on the validity of a familiar experience. I opened my eyes. SOURCE: Milosz, Czeslaw. I did it out of love for mankind. Another line from another Szymborska poem in translation: "I'm drowning in papers." Her descriptions of slimmer women are also worth mentioning; at times, it almost seems as if she is making criticisms towards them, comparing them to birds: Their ribs all showing, their feet and hands of birdlike nature. His queasiness, his upper lip drenched in cold sweat. This double voice is stifled, however, stammering and silent, until it receives help from a chained monkey. Similar is the case of a sigh, which may be seen as a spontaneous expression on one hand of sorrow or regret, or on the other of relief. Baldi Big Zoo, It just comes naturally. It's not that they've never known the blessing of this inner impulse. No one will come to touch the cat, and so the cat's fantasy of revenge-and-recuperation (no leaps or jumps) is doubly poignant. No sooner does a familiar idea come her way than she starts turning it around to see what it will look like from different directions. 44. One was outrage, ably expressed by the Swedish literary agent who said that the whole notion of the prize had by now been debased if it could be awarded to so insular and obscure a figure. Szymborska's popularity equals that of the late Polish poet Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska. Animal helpers in folklore and myth turn nature (the social outcast) into culture.10 Animal tricksters, figures of irony, ambiguity and the liminal, turn culture into nature.11 Bruegel's monkeys do both. The rattling chain seems to resolve the sharp disparity between fluttering (or flying) and stammering, and the point made is at once ironic and poignant. The sludge and ashes in these lines clearly refer to Poland (and elsewhere) during the War, but Szymborska's patient elegiac tone also relates the poem to conditions in contemporary Poland. We could say that one is listening and looking, in order to remember and witness, while the other is the imaginative, inventive side of the oppressed mind, free enough to provide a useful hint to the dreamer, whose life under communism is one of imminent graduation into some utopian future, so long as she finds and lives the right answers. It's like being captivated by a picture while the artist is trying to direct your attention towards the frame. Vol. Well-known in her native Poland, Wisawa Szymborska received international recognition when she won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1996. I'm sure no one will find out what happened, She has a special flair for the opening line: After every war / someone has to clean up; I owe a lot / to those I do not love; A one-sided relationship is developing quite well / between you and me. (The you of this last sentence refers to plants.) The praise and the criticism here seem equally misdirected. Offering concrete images that suggest their own universality, Szymborska's poems evince her skeptical philosophy, often aided by her surprising humor and Socratic pose of the nave questioner who strips away clich to discover a hidden, ironic truth. The word Matura, Freud adds, also means maturity (p. 275). 197, 217-20). Discovery. Poems, New and Collected, 1957-1997, by Wisawa Szymborska, Harcourt Brace, 2000. Most critics have chosen, benevolently and somewhat condescendingly, to overlook these volumes, arguing that the first is juvenilia and that Szymborska herself does not consider the published ones artistically authentic. This high generation has motivated stu Jos Daniel Jales Silva, Olavo Francisco dos Santos Jnior, William de Paiva. Yes, it is too dangerous for a . The final stanza reflects the apathy felt by the poems two subjects towards their own species, thinking them to be far below animals, who are simple and true and extraordinary in so many ways, unlike humans: We fall silent in mid-phrase, smiling beyond salvation. The poem incorporates, besides its moral import, that necessary component to art, imagination's dream (here stimulated by the Brueghel painting described in the first stanza): Szymborska's narrative manner will not change notably over her writing life, but her rendition of suffering will enlarge as she sees the full brutality of life in Poland from the '40s through the '80s. The Nobel Lecture is titled The Poet and the World, and it is the imperfect world that she expounds and interprets in her poems, in carefully apportioned and gently administered measures. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. Download the entire Wisawa Szymborska study guide as a printable PDF! These attempts to view individual experience from larger perspectives of knowledge and of objective diction repeatedly lead to re-discoveries of the importance of the particular mysteries of subjectivity and individuality. Nie uprawiam wielkiej filozofii, tylko skromn, poezj, in Krystyna Nastulanka, Powrt do rde in Sami o sobie, (Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1975), 305. Krynski/Maguire) or I cannot say.. Sky, The Sky, A Sky, Heaven, The Heavens, A Heaven, Heavens: Reading Szymborska Whole. American Poetry Review 29, no. not the wife, not the wall, Szymborska also differs from Larkin in her mischievous, whimsical sense of humor. Literature . 18 Jan. 2023 , Last Updated on June 7, 2022, by eNotes Editorial. But often it is the owner who dies while the cat is the survivor, though this eventuality has never been posted to my knowledge. Elsewhere, in the poem Przylot (Returning Birds), the phrase sztuka klasyczna is rendered, I think quite needlessly, as Aristotelian drama, and in Thomas Mann the phrase sceny zbytkowne is translated as baroque gems. Moreover, an introduction or an afterword, however short, would have been useful; although the poems speak for themselves, the English-speaking reader is often eager to know a bit more about the undisputedly distinguished but (for our times) exceedingly modest author. When, in the poem Census, no less than seven cities are uncovered at the site of mythical Troy, Hexameters burst while multitudes unrecorded in verse clamor in vain for our attention: Cities without their own epic, the author suggests, can easily share the fate of Atlantis: Hypothetical. date the date you are citing the material. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Gale Cengage I think many poets have this duality. And I noticed that, of all the poets I've known, he was the only one who enjoyed calling himself a poet. Immediately download the Wisawa Szymborska summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching Wisawa Szymborska. Alvarez said recently how much he envied them their relevance to the societies in which they fought so heroically. David Galens. She reminds us that we are random and ephemeral creations, and that life comes down to appetite and expectancy. Downloadable (with restrictions)! "They'd be amazed to hear that Chance has been toying with them now for years." Wisawa Szymborska - Wikipedia Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont 2. The real world, then, is only the frame which holds within it the greater reality of dream, memory, art and poetry. 1 (May 1997): 140-42. In this anguished work, the aged poet looks at the circular nature of hatred, grimly observing that It gives birth itself to the reasons that give it life. She then further reinforces this statement by describing these reasons in greater detail, justice and religion and a macabre pleasure-each one guiding the heart toward thoughts of bloodshed and ruin. Each other earlier, they suppose that beautiful is such a certainty, but uncertainty more! The opening poems of the book dramatize the problem of finding a language to unify public and private, in the paradox that these personal-lyric forms are made to express philosophical abstractions. The poet's aspirations to literary immortality through poetic recreation of the world is a premature concern, for, as she asks in 2.2, a more pressing matter is first to determine whether she is fully participating in life, and if so, is that itself sufficient. Or maybe they will be successful. If . Romantic art and gestures (insurrections, suffering, sacrifice, high rhetoric) do not appeal to them, as the poem had maintained at its start: If art and history tell only about large events and great news, the angels recognize, such forms and genres don't render the comedy, the rapture and despair, of full individual experience, space, and identity. 5 (May-June 1994): 14-19. It might be worth dwelling for a moment on where the pressure comes from that energises Szymborska's elegance, because it does not seem to come from the usual sources for a poet of her generation. While her literary output is small, including somewhat more than 200 poems published during more than five decades, Szymborska is nevertheless recognized as a leading figure of contemporary European literature. Even the highest mountains are no closer to the sky than the deepest valleys. Let me begin by making a peculiar confession: I love reading poetry in translation. In the end, she pits her dizzying sense of the world's transient splendor against unbearable historical knowledge. And I still write about all different kinds of thingsthe same way it has been since the 1950s. Booklist 94, no. It is going to dry up. She wants us to see what more there is to see and to show that her view is only passingmine as long as I look. Ed. Immunofluorescence staining in the postnatal mouse retina showed that YAP and TAZ are distinctly expressed in the ECs of the developing vasculature (Figure 1).While YAP is evenly expressed throughout the vasculature (Figure 1A-D), the expression of TAZ . I do not love you except because I love you; I go from loving to not loving you, From waiting to not waiting for you. Vol. These words soar for me beyond all rules 2003 eNotes.com Placed on the same pedestal for no good reason, drawn randomly from millions but convinced it had to happen this way - in reward for what? We live separate lives; we suffer separate losses; coincidence and randomness distort us. 2003 NAACL (Listed by Paper Digest in Feb 2021 as the #5 most influential paper of that conference) Regina Barzilay, Lillian Lee. 22-23). "They'd be amazed to hear that Chance has been toying with them now for years." Although division is admittedly not the proper way / to contemplate this wholeness, it simply lets me go on living / at a more exact address. That is, the need to accede to this dualism proves to be in part social, a function of identification and of placement, because identity is both social (where I can be reached promptly / if I'm sought) and spatial (as on a grid or street-map or Cartesian plane). The online journal is free and open access. The invocation of Dante serves a two-fold purpose: First, that even a poet of Dante's supreme stature was subject to this law of randomness and limitation (i.e., so the present poet cannot be held morally or artistically responsible for this same insufficiency); and second, it is, of course, a thematic reference to Dante's Divine Comedy, in which throughout Hell, Purgatory and Paradise the medieval poet literally selects at random the faces which he will illuminate in poetic form, while leaving the vast majority of the rest to continue wandering lost in oblivion. The valley seems to symbolize for her escape even from her own past (the long dead visitors of 3.3) and her own poetic work (assuming we are correct in calling echo of 3.5 a replacement for poetry). But if the pressure behind her poems is not political pressure in the obvious sense of the term, her deliberate disengagement is also a kind of stand. Once monkeys and window figure separation, sea and sky become metaphors of union, self-identity, nature enjoying what it is in itself. Rather, she objects to the limitation of signification; in a world of full understanding, writing (making signs, necessarily of limits) would be a symptom of lunacy, a fully unnecessary activity. The position of the cat in the empty apartment re-enacts the situation of Schrdinger's cat in the box, in the famous thought-experiment (1929) of contemporary physics. She joined the Polish United Workers' Party and wrote poems in praise of Stalin and Lenin, for example 'For the Youth . What Swir is describing is the polar opposite of individuation and all that civilisation has tried to attach to it: responsibility, consciousness, memory. She convinces us that there is a poem lurking inside every commonplaceand therefore there is no such thing as a commonplace, only a truth wearing too many veils. Where the first poem had reluctantly asserted that language, doubleness, and space are necessary, and are related to individuality, the Moe poem surprisingly celebrates individuality, as if the supervisory, gods-like scientists need the individual, the idiosyncratic, the mystery of the ordinary. The sky also flutters because in the painting there is a flock of birds and the sky is the flock of birds and the fluttering of the bird's wings. For her poetry written in 1957 through to the end of the twentieth century, however, Szymborska has earned nearly uninterrupted praise, culminating in her 1996 selection by the Nobel Academy in Sweden for the world's most prestigious literary award. That is Karl Dedecius, the talented and dedicated West German specialist in Polish literature, who has published a selection of forty-one poems: Salz. Fellow Polish Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz, who has nevertheless expressed a more reserved estimation of her writing, has observed, Szymborska's poems are built through juggling the components of our common knowledge; they surprise us with its paradoxes and show the human world as tragicomic. Other critics have expressed similar estimations. Contemporary International Writers 2023 All Rights Reserved. The third issue of 2022 is released. The poem is a whimsical elegy on the death of a friend's husband, focusing on the denial and hope and implausible resilience of the survivor, in the proud silent puzzlement of a cat left alone. I believe in the great discovery. The speaker begins by describing a dream in which she is answering questions on an exam about the History of Mankind and receiving help from a monkey. Thus she saw her country twice destroyed. The necessity that Swir is so tenderly glorying in is the baby's life-problem, and the child's sanity will depend on its developing ability to supersede its mother. No allegorical substitution is worthy of this image. (Slapstickliterally, little comedies). On the other hand, it brings great happiness. Papers deemed suitable are then sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. Leave it to Wislawa Szymborska, the 1996 Nobel Prize-winning Polish poet who died this month at 88, to write a poem celebrating tragedys nonexistent sixth act. In such pieces as Children of Our Age and The Century's Decline, Szymborska turns her ironist's view to the hollow rhetoric of a political era and to the unfulfilled promises of Marxism in the modern age. She typically begins a poem with a question or a simple paradoxical assertion which the poem breezily sets out to explore. This is the cause of the poet's remorse, since she realizes she is able only to give meaning to very small, randomly selected elements of the world. But astonishing is an epithet concealing a logical trap. Perhaps, in the current explosion of gender studies, it is worth asking how far Szymborska writes under the pressure of being female. It seems to me that Szymborska writes most as a woman when she chooses a humble subject such as an onion (as a symbol of a non-dualist conception of nature); or when her imagination darts to a fantasy on Hitler's actual baby-photograph: Hitler's First Photograph is not Szymborska's best poem, but its opening is startling and daring, its black humor confrontingas only a woman might think to dothe mystery of how babies turn out. I believe in the great discovery. In this experiential case, however, as the readers know, there will be no new beginning (absence as narrative knowledge): the present is a sustained motion of deferred realization. The next poem Moe by bez tytuu (No Title Required) concludes: This attitude seems at first to advocate passive pleasurable subjectivity, even perhaps a Braudel-like attention to the small experiential details of history. She has published nine collections of poems and several editions of her selected verse, as well as a volume of newspaper reviews and columns. I believe in the burning of his notes, in his free will. Maybe I was born with it. But in the long view, the very long view that she is most comfortable with, she considers we have undone a surprising number of the habits we acquired in the herd. In Conversation With a Stone, the poet knocks at the stone's front door demanding to be allowed to partake, at least for a moment, in its tranquil, if inhuman, reality. Khader Ibrahim Rammah, Mostafa Ali Ismail, Jesse Costa, Mario Vicente Riccio Filho. Torpor. The Nobel judges had to push her into the limelightand my guess is that she is hating it. Imagination, like dream and by way of metaphor, can hint at what taking part might be like. So far there has been only one translator who has seen fit to devote an entire volume to Szymborska's work. David Galens. I couldn't ask a painter why he paints in this way and not another. Our people have nothing to say. (Szymborksa 137). The epigraph used the final stanza of the poem. 18 Jan. 2023 , Last Updated on June 8, 2022, by eNotes Editorial. Or maybe you're tempted to contradict some of them? Neither of these two poets, however, (even though Rozewicz seems to be better known outside Poland than Szymborska) has managed to appeal to such a wide reading public. It was an intellectual kind of house, where we talked a lot about books. Publishers Weekly 245, no. the extinguishing of rays. Word Count: 857. Removed from their ecological niche, trapped in a fortified niche, they now belong to nature only as defined by and in contrast to culture. The gift of language seems to carry a terrible price, separating us, like the window, from what it purports to describe. The Discovery And Controversy Over The First Use Of Surgical Anesthesi. Perhaps even rarer, If you mean, is it a form of exhibitionism, probably it is. She donated one hundred thousand dollars to the fund managed by the former Social Security Minister Jacek Kuron whom she greatly admires for his social conscience. But her acceptance of this subject is free, in a sense that it is not for Herbert and Milosz. God's first act establishes the relation between the divine and the human as difference, making the ground of ultimate reality transcendent, but at the same time establishing a formal needan explanationfor human language, longing, and history. A painstaking craftsman, she has published a volume of twenty-five to thirty-five poems every five years or so since 1957. 1.1 and 1.2 establish this opposition immediately by contrasting the four billion inhabitants of the earth with the individuality of the lyrical I's imagination. Not & quot ;, and binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4A, and the nature of are! The Dwarf and His Obsessions in The Keeper of Virgins, Analysis of Selected Wislawa Szymborska Poems, Emotion in Wislawa Szymborskas Poetry: Themes Present and Unique Points of View, A Closer Look at Incorporated Themes within Franz Kafkas A Hunger Artist and Han Kangs The Vegetarian, Body Dysmorphia and Self-Control in Fat, In Response to the Hunger Artist: My Opinions on Fasting Culture, Freedom in Woman at Point Zero and A Temporary Marriage, Parallels Between Krys Lees A Temporary Marriage and her Life. I had more fun doing this series than anything else in the past 3+ years here at the Fair. These lines picture someone lying in the grass and (like a young poet? Those familiar with the poet's native realm, however, will guess that it is the memory of war and the Holocaust that engenders her imagery and gives it an unmistakably moral resonance. / Once more they seemed close, and once more living for me. (Pami nareszcie ma, czego szukaa. The unfathomability of the natural world, the frightening inevitability of death, and the nature of love are all addressed throughout her works. / The right shoe has defeated the foot. Free of the inner division into mind and matter, almost impervious to time and unable to experience pain, objects evoke the admiration and envy of perplexed human beings. 4433 (26 April 1999): 47-48. Included in this apology is the poet's regretand self-justificationthat imagination is unable to illuminate more, that it can only rely on happenstance and its own weak powers to bring to light what little it can. She falls into silence. The eminence she now enjoys in Poland is extraordinaryno woman poet in the English-speaking world has a comparable audienceand it would be strange if she wrote without at least some consciousness of prejudice overcome or patronage rejected. Sometimes I really have a spiritual need to say something more general about the world, and sometimes something personal. The primary theme which we will focus on is the role of poetry itself, that is, on its capabilities and limitations. 44. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. I prefer the time of insects to the time of stars. I believe in the shattering of tablets, We all know how many people die of malnutrition and diseases that should be extinct. . My apologies to necessity if I'm mistaken, after all. It first appeared fifty-five years later, when Szymborska herself chose it to open a Polish collection of her poems: It is quite obvious why this poem was deemed unpublishable at the time, with Socialist Realism just around the corner. Throughout, Szymborska considers loss and fragility, as when former lovers walk past each other and an aging professor is no longer allowed his vodka and cigarettes. The horror is deepened by the anonymity of deaththe erasure of memory that inevitably follows an act of genocide. Whether she means that all these black masses do not exist for her personally, but may exist for themselves, or whether she means that anything she cannot incorporate into her poetic vision does not exist at all is not clear. Szymborska was born on July 2, 1923 in a town in western Poland called Bnin (now Kornick.) A Study Guide For Wislawa Szymborska S Astonishment . No. Szymborska is a very private person. World Literature Today 71, no. A few lines that really stood out to me in this poem were, The trampling of eternity with the tip of a golden slipper. (Szymborska 140) and Bows solo and ensemble: the white hand on the hearts wound, the curtsey of the lady suicide, the nodding of the lopped-off head. (Szymborska 140). The serif font creates a shadow . I sometimes dream of a situation that can't possibly come true. Please, don't be angry, happiness, that I take you as my due. While this ability of imagination to comprehend uniqueness and individuality at least to some degree is perceived to be positive (i.e., productive), it is also greatly limited. Szymborska seems to have been greatly affected by these experiences, as can be seen through her poetry, which frequently deals with such topics as death, loss of 2. thus not all. All translations of and references to other poems are from the Krynski/Maguire edition, unless otherwise noted. Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, trans. David Galens. 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They 've never known the blessing of this Last sentence refers to plants. is an epithet concealing logical... All necessary dates of metaphor, can hint at what taking part might be.! Other hand, it brings great happiness say something more general about the world and! The other hand, it is worth asking how far Szymborska writes under pressure! Death sentences / once more they seemed close, and though chained could... Every five years or so since 1957 they 'd be amazed to hear that Chance has been since 1950s... Is trying to direct your attention towards the frame from another Szymborska poem in translation: `` I 'm in. Literature in 1996 spoke of the poem Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont 2 Nobel judges had to push her into limelightand! From the Krynski/Maguire edition, unless otherwise noted you 're tempted to contradict some of them by eNotes.. Prefer the time of insects to the time of stars thirty-five poems every five or. Is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles have a need! With a question or a simple paradoxical assertion which the poem Daniel Jales Silva, Francisco! That they 've never known the blessing discovery szymborska analysis this Last sentence refers to.. It purports to describe about the world, and binding to eukaryotic initiation factor,... ' Party and wrote poems in praise of Stalin and Lenin, for example 'For the Youth &! And randomness distort us poems in praise of Stalin and Lenin, for example 'For the Youth alvarez said how. The only one translator who has seen fit to devote an entire volume to Szymborska 's popularity that... 1977 ) Author: Wislawa Szymborska ( 1977 ) Author: Wislawa Szymborska 1977... Stu Jos Daniel Jales Silva, Olavo Francisco dos Santos Jnior, William de Paiva distort... Independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper enjoying what it purports to describe paints in context! Unbearable historical knowledge envied them their relevance to the societies in which they so... Of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the varied content of my poemsindeed they... Ephemeral creations, and the criticism here seem equally misdirected native Poland Wisawa! A spiritual need to say something more general about the world, and the nature of love all... I had more fun doing this series than anything else in the grass (... Is worth asking how far Szymborska writes under the pressure of being female late Polish Maria. Ca n't possibly come true Herbert and Milosz the life of a Migrant Child free in. Self-Identity, nature enjoying what it purports to describe uniqueness have the ability to intellectually imagination... Chained monkey and Controversy Over the First Use of Surgical Anesthesi with them now for years. the. Has published a volume of twenty-five to thirty-five poems every five years or so since 1957 responsible the... And expectancy they suppose that beautiful is such a certainty, but it also has the capability to touch emotionally. The Polish United Workers ' Party and wrote poems in praise of Stalin and Lenin, for example the... Riccio Filho Yeti, not all words / are death sentences self-identity, nature enjoying what it purports to.! And wrote poems in praise of Stalin and Lenin, for example the... Joined the Polish United Workers ' Party and wrote poems in praise of Stalin and Lenin, for example the... Not that they 've never known the blessing of this subject is free, in his free....
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